European Pathology and Infectious Disease Conference November 26-27, 2018 Helsinki, Finland

Biography:

Victor Lage de Araujo is a Brazilian Physician and a Clinical Pathologist Graduate. His specialties are clinical chemistry, hemotherapy, hospital-associated infection control. He is a Member of the Brazilian Society for Clinical Pathology and International. He is a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists. He works as Clinical Pathologist and Infection Control Professional at the Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brazil.

Abstract:

Introduction: LTF needs to adjust the prevention of MRSA to the characteristics of patients and the costs of each measure.

Objectives: To assess the effects of MRSA control measures in residents of LTF, determine which measures are useful and needed and to qualify their economic burden.

Methods: It is a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Estimation of effects using MRSA positivity. (RR, fixed effect with 95% CI).

Results: Seven studies found from 539 original records (six studies in a meta-analysis), no study showed a difference of effect and no statistic effect of measures at meta-analysis level.

Studies and measures: Amirov. A daily bath with 2% CHG-impregnated cloth versus a daily bath with a nonantiseptic cloth. Baldwin. An infection control education and training program versus usual care (no special education). Bellini. Universal MRSA screen, topical decolonisation, environmental disinfection and Standard Precautions versus Standard Precautions alone. Chuang. An infection control bundle focused on hand hygiene, environmental hygiene, and modified Contact Precautions, versus no infection control bundle (usual care). Gordon. 2% intranasal mupirocin versus placebo. Schora. MRSA screening and decolonisation with Mupirocin/Chlorhexidine versus MRSA screening, without disclosing results or decolonising procedure. Peterson. MRSA decolonisation using Mupirocin performed twice, versus MRSA screening only.

Conclusion.:There were few intervention studies of sound quality available. There was no statistical difference in the studies evaluated. There is an urgent need for further studies to balance benefits and establish only the cost-effective measures, as some costly measures may not be valid.

Biography:

Yohannes Negesse is a Pathologist trained in France and USA. He has worked more than 20 years in Ethiopia in different institutions. He is presently working in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, France. He has published more than 20 papers in the field of infectious diseases pathology.

Abstract:

Applied to hanseniasis Antoine Béchamp stipulation “the microbe is nothing, the terrain is everything” may be considered as a link between the eras before and after A. Hansen. Regarding hanseniasis the widely accepted classification was formulated by Ridley and Jopling (1966). This classification divided this disease into two stable polar forms with instable borderline in between the two. This classification was based on bacteriological, immunological, histopathological and clinical features of the disease caused by M. leprae infection. O. Wagner (1969) forwarded the observations that in hanseniasis “many responses of the host are similar to those described as typical of the so-called collagen diseases”. J.L. Turk published (1976) his paper entitled “Leprosy as a model of subacute and chronic immunologic diseases”. The role of the adaptive and innate immunities in hanseniasis has been underlined by numerous publications since these initial papers. By deduction we see that hanseniasis comes within the scope of the immunological diseases classification proposed by D. McGonagle and M. McDermott (2006). The tuberculoid and lepromatous poles of Ridley-Jopling classification correspond respectively to the polygenic autoimmune and polygenic autoinflammatory poles of McGonagle-McDermott classification. Curiously, M. leprae has an exclusive ability to infect Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. Therefore the initial interaction between M. leprae and macrophages process is decisive for the outcome of the disease. This is to say that the initial bacillary load within the nerve is an essential factor determining the cycle and spectrum of hanseniasis.

Biography:

Grigorios Leon is the President of Hellenic Society of Forensic Medicine and is a Representative (Deputy) of Greece in the European Council of Legal Medicine. He is on the lists of experts in the County Courts of Law (Athens, Piraeus, etc.). He is a Graduate (MD) of the Medical School of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, where he obtained two Master degrees (MSc). In 2009, he received his PhD from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. His research interests are in the areas of forensic pathology, medical deontology and bioethics.

Abstract:

Clinical trials are scientific evaluations of medical interventions for the treatment of somatic or psychological conditions that provide an analysis of the quality, safety and efficacy of particular products or a method of evaluating two products for their comparative value. Clinical trials can be randomized and non-randomized. A randomized clinical trial comprises two (or possibly more) experimental or treatment groups in which trial subjects are randomly assigned into different groups to ensure internal validity. If there are two groups, one group receives the product being studied and the other group receives the standard therapy/product or a placebo. There are four cases in which a placebo control design, when scientifically appropriate, is also considered ethically acceptable. First, placebo control trials are acceptable when there is no proven effective intervention for the condition under study or when placebo is compared against an investigational treatment added on to established treatment. Second, placebo is acceptable when withholding an established, effective intervention would expose subjects to at most, temporary discomfort or delay in relief of symptoms, as noted in the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences’. A third justification is sometimes invoked to justify placebo controls in trials of new treatments for conditions whose response to both established treatments and placebo is highly variable. Finally, compelling methodological reasons for use of placebo and participants are not deprived of interventions they would otherwise receive and research intended to develop interventions that will benefit the host population. Invoking the principle of clinical equipoise, opponents of placebo-controlled trials in the face of proven effective treatment argue that they (1) violate the therapeutic obligation of physicians to offer optimal medical care and (2) lack both scientific and clinical merit. As a conclusion placebo controls are ethically justifiable when they are supported by sound methodological considerations and their use does not expose research participants to excessive risks of harm.

Biography:

Marko Björn has completed his Master of Nursing Science from University of Eastern Finland and he is currently pursuing his PhD studies in University of Eastern Finland. He is a Lecturer in Turku University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences.

Abstract:

Molecular biology is more used method in clinical laboratory diagnostic. It is also used method in pathology. There are still people using principal methods in histology, but molecular biology methods have rapidly developing field within pathology. The molecular method is focused in diagnostic but also therapeutic response of human disease, the interest in oncology field. In the past year’s pathologist have been interested in morphology, but now they are interested to make decisions on treatment rapidly and monitoring of response to treatment is coming a major role. Molecular pathology methods like FISH (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization), CISH (Chromogenic in situ Hybridization), NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), RT-PCR are using clinical pathology. RNA based methods are also used in pathology. The use indication for the fusion gene is most commonly the lung adenocarcinoma, driver mutations. For example, ALK-1 and ROS-1 translocation carcinoma are found to be highly potent drugs. The importance of guiding the study is high in those few patients who have a genetic change sensitive to drug treatment. In Helsinki University hospital they currently conduct these fusion panel studies on a weekly basis. Molecular pathology and predictive medicine are two rapidly developing field within pathology and they probably will change the classic role of pathologists and laboratory scientists.

Biography:

Hamid Reza Edraki was Graduated in Neuro-Radiology (MRI) from LMU University (Munich-Germany). He has worked as an Associate Professor at Shahid Beheshti Medical University in Iran and Managing Director at Rare Diseases Foundation of Iran and the Chief Radiologist at RADOIR‘s Parsian Medical Center. He has achieved many outstanding academic screening researches on rare diseases and its types in their broad aspects.

Abstract:

A practical hands-on approach to the use of MRI techniques is provided to promote further fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis. The implications of fetal MRI is based on medico-legal and ethical view points has significantly considered. MRI of fetus will be done in the second and third trimester of pregnancy since fetus in the first trimester and intravenous contrast study is not applicable for the fetal MRI. Gestational age is estimated on the basis of the time of the last menstrual period. Placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta hemorrhagia or hematoma. Oligoamnius or hydroaminius are detected in standard study of fetal MRI as well as the detection of congenital deformity and delay of growth (IUGR ) which named equele to disease is the main and unique approach through the surveillance: CNS (brain and spine), abdominal and pelvic , musculoskeletal ,cardiovascular . Sequences are based on (Fiesta, SPARE -SS-TSE T2 , FSE T2 , DWI and T1 FLAIR ). It is advised for the metabolic disorder, MR spectroscopy is indicated as brain study in MRI in the following relevant cases:

Hydrocephalus-Agenesis of corpus callousum, atrophy, hypoxemia, cyst, tumor, chiari malformation-Dandy walker cyst, leukoencephalopathy, tumor (meduloblastoma, papilloma, glioma, ependymoma), colloid cyst, germionoma, dermoid, epidermoid, lissencephaly, schisencephaly, holoporozencephaly. Of 137 women, 100 (60%-70%) were diagnosed with rare cerebral diseases. History of congenital genetically disorders in familial marriages, presents approved findings of brain lesions in USG or sonography screening study.

Biography:

Susanne Baars, a woman on a mission to create universal access to lifesaving knowledge. She is the President of the Global Human Genome Foundation and Founder and CEO of the Social Genomics MOONSHOT initiative. She has completed her Master’s in Biomedical Sciences from University of Amsterdam/Harvard University, MA Philosophy/Public Health Ethics, Honors Business School and Young Leadership Program from Utrecht University. She has worked at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, World Health Organization and Peking University. She has 3 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The fourth industrial revolution has profoundly impacted the field of precision health at an unprecedented rate. Last decade we have seen extraordinary advances in exponential technologies like DNA sequencing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), but also in computation power and storage. Today the time has come to start focusing on sharing and matching genomic data on a global scale. This development is essential as unlike the first human genome, genomic data collected around the world are soiled away in isolated databases of hospitals and research centers. Each hospital has its own secure ICT environment and patient portals, hence genomic data cannot be shared. Because of this, lifesaving knowledge remains inaccessible for patients searching for a cure. At Social Genomics MOONSHOT initiative we are building a future with universal access to lifesaving knowledge for every human on earth. By using genomics and AI to build a Social Network 4.0, that connects patients with rare genetic diseases, terminal diseases and rare cancers to life saving knowledge on a global scale. Using a simple AI-powered genomics tool to connect patients to real world patients data statistics, treatments and exploratory medication and clinical trials. Similarly scientists and drug discovery companies can access our knowledgebase to accelerate drug discovery. This radically shapes the future of genomics and transforms how access to health is distributed.

Biography:

Susanne Baars, a woman on a mission to create universal access to lifesaving knowledge. She is the President of the Global Human Genome Foundation and Founder and CEO of the Social Genomics MOONSHOT initiative. She has completed her Master’s in Biomedical Sciences from University of Amsterdam/Harvard University, MA Philosophy/Public Health Ethics, Honors Business School and Young Leadership Program from Utrecht University. She has worked at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, World Health Organization and Peking University. She has 3 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The fourth industrial revolution has profoundly impacted the field of precision health at an unprecedented rate. Last decade we have seen extraordinary advances in exponential technologies like DNA sequencing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), but also in computation power and storage. Today the time has come to start focusing on sharing and matching genomic data on a global scale. This development is essential as unlike the first human genome, genomic data collected around the world are soiled away in isolated databases of hospitals and research centers. Each hospital has its own secure ICT environment and patient portals, hence genomic data cannot be shared. Because of this, lifesaving knowledge remains inaccessible for patients searching for a cure. At Social Genomics MOONSHOT initiative we are building a future with universal access to lifesaving knowledge for every human on earth. By using genomics and AI to build a Social Network 4.0, that connects patients with rare genetic diseases, terminal diseases and rare cancers to life saving knowledge on a global scale. Using a simple AI-powered genomics tool to connect patients to real world patients data statistics, treatments and exploratory medication and clinical trials. Similarly scientists and drug discovery companies can access our knowledgebase to accelerate drug discovery. This radically shapes the future of genomics and transforms how access to health is distributed.

Biography:

Massoud Houshmand has completed his PhD in Medical Molecular Genetic from Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. He is the Head of the Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty Member of National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Responsible Director of Personalized Medicine journal. He has organized about 22 workshops and seminars and has published more than 220 papers and 17 books. He is the Winner of Best Iranian Researcher in Medical Genetic 2010, Winner of ISESCO prizes in Science & Technology 2014 and winner of Best Iranian Researcher 2015.

Abstract:

Monogenic disorders (monogenic traits) are disorders caused by variation in a single gene and are typically recognized by their striking familial inheritance patterns. Examples include sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. By contrast, complex disorders (complex traits) are those in which multiple genes play a role, often together with environmental factors. These include many complex disorders such as cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer susceptibility.

Alleles are typically expressed by one letter. The capital form of the letter represents the dominant allele, while the lowercase version of the letter represents the recessive allele. Children get one allele for a trait from their father and the other allele for a trait from their mother. These two alleles come together to decide what the actual phenotype of a trait is going to be. A phenotype is the physical representation of a trait, such as brown hair, blue eyes, or freckles. If a child receives either one or two dominant alleles, they will show the dominant phenotype. If a child receives two recessive alleles, they will show the recessive phenotype.

Non-Mendelian inheritance is any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws. These laws describe the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosomes in the nucleus. In Mendelian inheritance, each parent contributes one of two possible alleles for a trait. If the genotypes of both parents in a genetic cross are known, Mendel’s laws can be used to determine the distribution of phenotypes expected for the population of offspring. There are several situations in which the proportions of phenotypes observed in the progeny do not match the predicted values. Non-Mendelian inheritance plays a role in several disease processes. Here we will learn about the different type of inheritance and how we can detected.

Biography:

Jaber Haj-Ali has completed his Master’s degree from AL-Quds University and currently pursuing his PhD on telomere length measurements and pollution exposure at Charite University School of Medicine, Germany. He is the Founder and Director of consulting medical laboratory in Palestine.

Abstract:

Reduction in oxygen partial pressure in the air at high altitude leads to reduced oxygen saturation in the arteries and results in erythropoietin production, which stimulates erythropoiesis to restore the appropriate oxygenation status. There are many studies describing the acclimatization to high altitude and its effect on Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters and on exercise. Most of these studies proved the increase in Hemoglobin (Hgb), erythropoiesis and erythropoietin secretion, while there is lack of available information about the effect of being below sea level on CBC test results. This study aims to evaluate the CBC parameters of people who live below sea level for the first time in Palestine, in comparison with those who live above sea level. Moreover, it is expected by the end of this study that we will be able to verify the applicability of the reference ranges that have been adopted from other sources and to assess if we need to establish new reference ranges for people living in Jericho and Ramallah. The study was conducted in February 2013, where four secondary schools were chosen for the study: Two in Jericho and two in Ramallah. Three hundred and twenty participants were randomly chosen from 11^th and 12^th grade male students during this study, where the age of students ranged from 16 to 19 years old. Twenty-three of them were excluded as they did not fit the given criteria. Blood samples CBC data and questionnaires were analyzed for the rest two hundred and ninety-seven participants using t-test between two means for independent samples. Results for the differences between means show that Red Blood Cell counts (P=0.005), Hgb (P=0.001) and Hematocrit (P=0.002) have mean values which are statistically higher among those who live about 900 meter above sea level than among those who live about 300 meter below sea level, while platelet count was significantly higher in those live below sea level (P=0.001). Results of t-test for normal ranges show that CBC normal ranges of Palestinians are different in comparison with the applied normal ranges that adopted from literature sources. Almost all CBC parameters in our study for both groups in Ramallah and Jericho differ significantly from those in the international studies. This justifies the need to establish our own reference ranges for this age group and for adult male population in general. In conclusion, we found significant difference in hematological parameters (Hgb, Hct, RBC count, and platelet count) in healthy adult students living above and below sea level in a representative population sample which is also the first study from people living below sea level in Palestine.

Biography:

Royce P Vincent is a Consultant Chemical Pathologist at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and an Honorary Senior Lecturer at King’s College London, UK. He has a special interest in nutrition and endocrinology and is the Clinical Lead for Biochemistry and Parenteral Nutrition Services. He has obtained his MD (Res) at Imperial College London and his research interests are in obesity, endocrinology and clinical nutrition. He has published multiple original and review articles and is serving as an international Editorial Board Member for Translational Metabolic Syndrome Research.

Abstract:

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly common worldwide over the last decades due to the obesity epidemic. By definition NAFLD requires that there is evidence of hepatic steatosis, either by imaging/histology or there are no causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation-significant alcohol consumption, steatogenic medication, hereditary disorders etc. and is characterized by liver steatosis (accumulation of triglycerides >5% in liver weight). NAFLD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia). The disease reaches a peak in the fifth and sixth decades of life and at present nearly 25% of adults in Europe with fatty liver have NAFLD. NAFLD is a clinic-pathological entity that comprises a liver disease spectrum spanning from non-inflammatory isolated steatosis to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), a more aggressive form of the disease, which is characterized by steatosis, inflammatory changes and varying degrees of liver fibrosis to end-stage liver disease. Furthermore, NAFLD may be complicated by cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). It is now set to become the major cause of liver transplantation in adults as it is the most important cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial but is yet to be fully elucidated. This session will explore our current knowledge about the pathophysiology of obesity associated liver disease, its management strategies and the role of metabolic surgery to address this global health problem.

Biography:

Adam Elzagheid is a Professor at Biocenology Research Centre (BTRC), acting as a General Director of BTRC, Tripoli, Libya. He has worked as a Dean of Faulty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya, Head of Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi. Post-doctoral Fellow and Research Associate at University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology Departments, Turku, Finland.

Abstract:

Aim: To assess the prognostic significant of survivin and livin protein expression in primary invasive breast cancer and in metastatic breast cancer to lymph node.

Material & Methods: The present study consists of archival samples from 78 patients of invasive breast cancer during 2010-2014 diagnosed at Misurata Cancer Center, Misurata, Libya. Tumor biopsies were analyzed for expression of survivin and livin by immunohistochemical, different grading systems were tested for survivin and livin expression.

Results: Survivin expression in primary breast cancer shows a significant correlation between survivin expression and site of tumor (P=0.021), higher expression of survivin was in patients without recurrence (p=0.036), survivin expression correlated significantly with unifocal tumor (P=0.001), Moreover HER-2 negative tumor express survivin more than HER-2 positive tumor (P=0.047). There was no significant difference in survivin expression as regards histological grade, histological type, lymph node status, tumor stage, TNM classification, estrogen, progesterone receptors, distance metastases, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone replacement, vascular invasion, surgical margin, positive family history. Livin expression in primary breast cancer shows a significant correlation (P=0.025) with positive family history. There was no significant association with other clinicopathological parameters. We further studied the association of survivin and livin expression with secondary breast cancer (lymph node metastases), we found that primary tumor show higher survivin expression (82%) compared with secondary breast cancer (34%) while livin expression did not differ between the primary (71%) and secondary breast cancer (84%).

Conclusion: Survivin expression in primary breast cancer is significantly associated with parameters of good prognosis. Livin expression in primary breast cancer is significantly associated with positive family history of breast cancer.

Biography:

Hamid Reza Edraki has completed his Graduation in Neuro-Radiology (MRI) from LMU University, Germany). He has worked as an Associate Professor at Shahid Beheshti Medical University in Iran and Managing Director at Rare Diseases Foundation of Iran and the Chief Radiologist at RADOIR‘s Parsian Medical Center.

Abstract:

Applying MRI during pregnancy to detect fetus abnormalities. In this case the child is afflicted by phocomelia. A male fetus is detected in 32 week of gestational age by Trans abdominal sonography, right unilateral phocomelia is diagnosed for this patient. Right shoulder, arm and elbow are seen developed but just only proximal epiphysis of radius and ulna are seen. The rest of forearm bones and hand are not developed. The mother has not taken thalidomide or the other pills during pregnancy. After delivery, radiography was performed for newborn and this type of phocomelia was approved. Autosomal recessive genetic disorder is represented for this patient after sonography 2D and 3D. Fetal MRI was also performed and then phocomelia was detected after delivery. Pathology of the newborn, confirmed the phocomelia of right upper extremity. Radiography of right arm, elbow and forearm was done and epiphysis nuclei of proximal, of radial and ulnar bones. Hand surgeon visited him and planned for cleavage of soft tissue of right elbow for fork appearance functional forearm in 3 month later.

Biography:

Termeh Ghorbanian Bolouri has completed her bachelor degree in cellular and molecular biology, microbiology from Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch; and master degree from Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch. She has been a student researcher in Motamed Cancer Institute, recombinant protein department, also she is a researcher in Dr. Houshmand Genetic Laboratory. She has published an article in nanotechnology in International Journal of Biological Macromolecule. She presented an abstract in European Breast Cancer Conference. Right now she is working on a project with Dr Houshmand. She is also planning to continue her studies.

Abstract:

Herein, KIT-6 nanoporous silica nanoparticles were used as a solid support for immobilization of bovine carbonic anhydrase, isoform II (BCA II). The zeta potential study revealed that KIT-6 and BCA II provided negative (-13.58±1.95 mV) and positive (4.23±0.72

mV) charge distribution, respectively. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis also showed that the hydrodynamic radius of KIT-6 is less than 100 nm. In addition, the structural studies of free and immobilized BCA II against urea-induced denaturation were investigated by Circular Dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. CD studies showed that the absorbed BCA II, in comparison with the free enzyme, demonstrated higher stability against rising urea concentration. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed lower values of Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) for immobilized BCA II relative to free enzyme, reflecting the relative enzyme stability of BCA II after immobilization. Melting temperature (Tm) measurement of free and immobilized BCA II showed that immobilized enzyme had a more stable structure (Tm=71.9 ºC) relative to the free counterpart (Tm= 64.7 ºC). In addition, the immobilized BCA II showed pronounced stabilities against pH and thermal deactivation. This study may provide new and complementary details regarding the design and development of enzymes in industrial applications.

Biography:

Jitendra Kumar Sharma is a senior resident in Sawai Man Singh Medical College. He has completed his MBBS. He is also State Coordinator of Jaipur Associations of Resident Doctors.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Pulmonary aspergillosis continues to be one of the serious morbidity seen in clinical practice in patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. There are very few studies regarding this. The present study conducted for detailed spectrum of aspergillosis in treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Materials & Methods: This study is a hospital based observational study. In this study treated patients of pulmonary tuberculosis having symptoms of persistent cough and/or hemoptysis were enrolled after exclusion of active tuberculosis. Sputum for ZN stain, BACTEC culture for mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungal KOH and culture was done. Study duration was total of 18 months. Demographic details, predisposing factors and clinical findings were noted. X-ray and CT chest was done in all patients. FOB was done only in two patients (dry cough but CT suggested aspergilloma). Sample size after exclusions was of 70 patients whose sputum/bronchial wash showed isolation of Aspergillus.

Results: Presentation of pulmonary aspergillosis in treated cases of tuberculosis was most commonly aspergilloma, found in 57% of patients followed by CNPA that was detected in 36% patients and least common was ABPA found in only 7% of patients. Most common symptom was recurrent hemoptysis (73%). Most of the patients were farmers but no significant co morbid illness was seen. Most common species came out to be Aspergillus fumigatus.

Conclusion: Aspergillus is a common fungus growing on dead leaves, stored grain, bird droppings and compost piles. Many cavitary lung diseases are complicated by aspergilloma including TB, silicosis, bronchiectasis, etc. Presentation may vary from aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis to ABPA in treated pulmonary TB patients.

Biography:

Kavita Sharma has completed her MBBS, MD (Pathology) from Rajasthan University of Health Sciences. She is the Senior Resident in All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. She has published more five papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Introduction: Cervix is a gateway to numerous non-neoplastic and neoplastic gynecological lesions. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer in Indian women and second most common cancer in women worldwide next to breast cancer.

Objectives: The objective is to study the histopathological features of cervical lesions, the age distribution and relative frequency of various cervical lesions and to study the distribution of malignancy on the basis of parity.

Materials & Methods: This is four years retrospective study of all cervical biopsies received from 2014-2017 in the department of pathology.

Result: In a total of 1000 cases studied maximum number of cases on biopsy were those of infections (60.50%), squamous intraepithelial lesions were seen in 17% patients. Similar cases were those of frank malignancy with benign lesions comprising of only 5% in study population. Maximum number of patients was more than 60 years in age (36.50%). The mean age among cancer cases (51.94±12.30 years) was higher than in cases (39.53±9.66 years) who did not have cervical cancer. Association between age group of cancerous patients and non-cancerous patients were highly significant with p value<0.001. Maximum number of malignancy cases reported in parity 3 (284 cases) followed by parity 4 (212 cases) and minimum cases of cervical cancer were found in parity 1 (40 cases).

Biography:

Yohannes Negesse is a Pathologist trained in France and USA. He has worked for more than 20 years in Ethiopia in different institutions. He is presently working in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe. France. He has published more than 20 papers in the field of infectious diseases pathology.

Abstract:

Regarding hanseniasis the prevailing population medicine approach is more and more difficult being understood. Indeed, we see that important epidemiologic parameters are uncertain, confusing, non-contagiousness with cure, mode of transmission, duration of disease, incubation period, random incidence estimation and disease elimination concept. On individual medicine perspective it has been established that the bacillary load in the nerve (not in the skin) is an essential factor determining the cycle and spectrum of the disease. The disease may, therefore, be classified as paucibacillary (tuberculoid pole) and multibacillary (lepromatous pole) neural hanseniasis. This pathophysiological approach will allow for instance seeing immunological similarities between paucibacillary neural hanseniasis and sarcoidosis. We can also observe parallelism between the lepromatous neural hanseniasis with whipple disease. For instance, the erythema nodosum like lesions of Whipple disease have more in common clinically, pathologically and immunologically with type 2 reactions during hanseniasis. Thus, the information extracted from immunological study of hanseniasis compared to that obtained from the well-established autoimmune and auto inflammatory diseases might possibly be mutually useful in elucidating the basic pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment regimen. This immunological approach will serve reducing the stigma linked with hanseniasis and constitute as stepping stones to the way of integrating hanseniasis control activities into the general health services as any neurological illness (multiple sclerosis, polyneuritis) or any autoimmune disease.